Abstract Electrode tortuosity (\(\tau\)) is a dimensionless microstructural parameter quantifying how much the actual ionic transport path through a porous battery electrode deviates from a straight line; the MacMullin number (McMullin number, \(N_m = \tau / \varepsilon\)) combines tortuosity and…
1. Preface During the charge and discharge process of lithium-ion batteries, the swelling of the battery cells will occur due to the structural swelling of the positive and negative electrodes and the decomposition and gas production of the electrolyte. When…
Abstract To accurately measure pressure in pouch cell tests — tracking both thickness change and expansion force — is essential for cell design optimization and safety assurance 1-3. So, researchers require an automated system that maintains either a fixed gap or a…
During the charging and discharging process of lithium-ion batteries, as lithium ions are continuously inserted and removed, the thickness of the battery will expand and shrink to a certain extent. Since the lithium insertion and removal process of the cathode…
1. Introduction This study utilizes in situ swelling analysis to directly compare the overcharge response of three commercial lithium-ion cell types, each featuring a different cathode material: LCO (LiCoO₂), LFP (LiFePO₄), and NCM (LiNiₓCoₓMnₓO₂), all paired with graphite anodes. By…
1. Article Abstract We present a clear, engineering-focused translation of Amartya Mukhopadhyay’s in-situ optical stress study on thin-film graphite electrodes (CVD C) paired with lithium metal. The work documents how irreversible surface stress develops during the first cycles, ties that…
Abstract This study uses synchronized in-situ measurement to quantify Thickness Swelling and volume swelling of LiFePO₄ (LFP)/graphite pouch cells during charge–discharge. Because LFP (olivine) shows minimal structural expansion, the cell mechanical response is dominated by graphite staging (Li–graphite phase transitions).…
1. Abstract A 2020 collaborative study by Central South University and CATL investigated the cyclic swelling force evolution in NCM (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) lithium-ion power batteries under different design and assembly conditions. By combining experimental measurements with 3D simulation, the…
Due to its safety and stability, LFP batteries are increasingly popular in the new energy storage and electric vehicle industries. Currently commonly used LFP system batteries, the cathode material is olivine structure of LFP material, the anode material is graphite…
1. Author Information and Article Abstract In 2014, Bernhard Bitzer et al. published a method for monitoring the lithium plating of battery cells by in-situ detection of battery swelling thickness changes. When the battery is charged at low temperature or…
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